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Chris Holland

Research Scientist

Christopher G. Holland received his Ph.D. in 2003 from the Department of Physics at the University of California, San Diego. From 2003-2005 he was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Research Postdoctoral Fellowship, during which time he worked with Prof. George Tynan in the JSOE MAE department on integrated analytic, computational, and experimental studies of basic plasma turbulence using the CSDX experiment. In 2005 he joined the Center for Energy Research at UC San Diego as an assistant research scientist to continue this research, and extend it to tokamaks and other magnetic confinement based fusion energy experiments. He received the 2006 General Atomics Rosenbluth Award for Fusion Theory.

Dr. Holland’s current research focuses on advancing our understanding of turbulent transport in tokamaks, and using this understanding to improve the predictive modeling and design tools needed for development of economically attractive fusion energy power plants. As part of the AToM SciDAC project. Dr. Holland and his collaborators conduct verification and validation studies of plasma turbulence using both massively parallel gyrokinetic codes and reduced gyrofluid models, to establish confidence in their ability to accurately predict the dynamics of future burning plasma devices. In addition to their AToM team members, Dr. Holland’s group performs these studies in close collaboration with members of the General Atomics theory group, the DIII-D experimental team, and colleagues at other U.S. and international tokamak experiments. Most recently, a growing part of Dr. Holland’s research has focused on carrying out integrated predictive modeling studies of compact tokamak power plants. These studies are being used to better identify key uncertainties and sensitivities in predictions of reactor performance, to help guide future verification and validation work.

Christopher G. Holland received his Ph.D. in 2003 from the Department of Physics at the University of California, San Diego. From 2003-2005 he was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Research Postdoctoral Fellowship, during which time he worked with Prof. George Tynan in the JSOE MAE department on integrated analytic, computational, and experimental studies of basic plasma turbulence using the CSDX experiment. In 2005 he joined the CER as an assistant research scientist to continue this research, and extend it to tokamaks and other magnetic confinement based fusion energy experiments. He received the 2006 General Atomics Rosenbluth Award for Fusion Theory.

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Published First Authored (15)

  1. C. Holland, J.E. Kinsey, J.C. DeBoo, K.H. Burrell, T.C. Luce, S.P. Smith, C.C. Petty, A.E. White, T.L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, E.J. Doyle, J.C. Hillesheim, G.R. McKee, Z. Yan, G. Wang, L. Zeng, B.A. Grierson, A. Marinoni, P. Mantica, P.B. Snyder, R.E. Waltz, G.M. Staebler, J. Candy, “Validation Studies of Gyrofluid and Gyrokinetic Predictions of Transport and Turbulence Stiffness Using the DIII-D Tokamak,” Nuclear Fusion 53 083027 (2013)
  2. C. Holland, C. C. Petty, L. Schmitz, K. H. Burrell, G. R. McKee, T. L. Rhodes, and J. Candy, “Progress in GYRO Validation Studies of DIII-D H-mode Plasmas,” Nuclear Fusion 52 114007 (2012)
  3. C. Holland, J. C. DeBoo, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, J. C. Hillesheim, G. Wang, A. E. White, M. E. Austin, E. J. Doyle, W. A. Peebles, C. C. Petty, L. Zeng, and J. Candy, “Testing gyrokinetic simulations of electron turbulence,” Nuclear Fusion 52 063028 (2012)
  4. C. Holland, L. Schmitz, T. L. Rhodes, W. A. Peebles, J. C. Hillesheim, G. Wang, L. Zeng, E. J. Doyle, S. P. Smith, R. Prater, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, R. E. Waltz, J. E. Kinsey, G. M. Staebler, J.C. DeBoo, C. C. Petty, G. R. McKee, Z. Yan, and A. E. White, “Advances in validating gyrokinetic turbulence models against L- and H-mode plasmas,” Physics of Plasmas 18 056113 (2011)
  5. C. Holland, A. E. White, G. R. McKee, M. W. Shafer, J. Candy, R. E. Waltz, L. Schmitz, and G. R. Tynan, “Implementation and Application of Two Synthetic Diagnostics for Validating Simulations of Core Tokamak Turbulence,” Physics of Plasmas 16 052301 (2009)
  6. C. Holland, J. Candy, R. E. Waltz A. E. White, G. R. McKee, M. W. Shafer, L. Schmitz, and G. R. Tynan, “Validating simulations of core tokamak turbulence: current status and future directions,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 125 012043 (2008)
  7. C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, R. J. Fonck, G. R. McKee, J. Candy, and R. E. Waltz, “Zonal-flow-driven nonlinear energy transfer in experiment and simulation,” Physics of Plasmas 14 056112 (2007)
  8. C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, J. H. Yu, A. James, D. Nishijima, M. Shimada, and N. Taheri, “Numerical simulations of collisional drift-wave turbulence in a magnetized plasma column,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49 A109 (2007)
  9. C. Holland, J. H. Yu, A. James, D. Nishijima, M. Shimada, N. Taheri, and G. R. Tynan, “Observation of Turbulent Driven Zonal Flow in a Cylindrical Plasma Device,” Physical Review Letters 96 195002 (2006)
  10. C. Holland, and P. H. Diamond, “On the Dynamics of Large-Scale Structures in Electron Temperature Gradient Turbulence,” Physics Letters A 344 369 (2005)
  11. C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, G. R. McKee, R. J. Fonck, “Investigation of the time-delay estimation method for turbulent velocity inference,” Review of Scientific Instruments 75 4278 (2004)
  12. C. Holland and P. H. Diamond, “A simple model of interactions between electron temperature gradient and drift-wave turbulence,” Physics of Plasmas 11 1043 (2004)
  13. C. Holland, P. H. Diamond, S. Champeaux, E. Kim, O. Gurcan, M. N. Rosenbluth, G. R. Tynan, N. Crocker, W. Nevins, and J. Candy, “Investigations of the Role of Nonlinear Couplings in Structure Formation and Transport Regulation: Experiment, Simulation, and Theory,” Nuclear Fusion 43 761 (2003)
  14. C. Holland and P. H. Diamond, “Electromagnetic secondary instabilities in electron temperature gradient turbulence,” Physics of Plasmas 9 3857 (2002)
  15. C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, P. H. Diamond, R. A. Moyer, and M. J. Burin, “Evidence for Reynolds-stress driven shear flows using bispectral analysis: theory and experiment,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 44 A453 (2002)

 

Published Co-authored (56)

  1. O Meneghini, SP Smith, LL Lao, O Izacard, Q Ren, JM Park, J Candy,"Integrated modeling applications for tokamak experiments with OMFIT" Nuclear Fusion 55 (8), 083008
  2. SP Smith, CC Petty, AE White, C Holland, R Bravenec, ME Austin, L Zeng, "Electron temperature critical gradient and transport stiffness in DIII-D" Nuclear Fusion 55 (8), 083011
  3. NT Howard, C Holland, AE White, M Greenwald, J Candy, "Fidelity of reduced and realistic electron mass ratio multi-scale gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak discharges" Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57 (6), 065009
  4. AM Garofalo, KH Burrell, D Eldon, BA Grierson, JM Hanson, C Holland, "The quiescent H-mode regime for high performance edge localized mode-stable operation in future burning plasmasa)," Physics of Plasmas (1994-present) 22 (5), 056116
  5. AE White, NT Howard, AJ Creely, MA Chilenski, M Greenwald, "Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of the I-mode high confinement regime and comparisons with experimenta)" Physics of Plasmas (1994-present) 22 (5), 056109
  6. T. Görler, A. E. White, D. Told, F. Jenko, C. Holland, and T. L. Rhodes, "A flux-matched gyrokinetic analysis of DIII-D L-mode turbulence," Phys. Plasmas 21 122307 (2014)
  7. N. T. Howard, A. E. White, M. Greenwald, C. Holland, J. Candy, and J. E. Rice, “Impurity transport, turbulence transitions, and intrinsic rotation in Alcator C-Mod plasmas,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion56 124004 (2014)
  8. N. T. Howard, C. Holland, A. E. White, M. Greenwald, and J. Candy, “Synergistic cross-scale coupling of turbulence in a tokamak plasma,” Physics of Plasmas21, 112510 (2014)
  9. J. Chowdhury, W. Wan, Y. Chen, S. E. Parker, R. J. Groebner, C. Holland, and N. T. Howard, “Study of the L-mode tokamak plasma “shortfall” with local and global nonlinear gyrokinetc df particle-in-cell simulation,” Phys. Plasmas 21 112503 (2014)
  10. N. T. Howard, A. E. White, M. Greenwald, C. Holland, and J. Candy, “Multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation of Alcator C-Mod tokamak discharges,” Physics of Plasmas21, 032308 (2014)
  11. N. T. Howard, A. E. White, M. L. Reinke, M. Greenwald, C. Holland, J. Candy, and J. R. Walk, “Validation of the Gyrokinetic Model in ITG and TEM Dominated L-Mode Plasmas,” Nuclear Fusion53 123011 (2013)
  12. G. R. McKee, Z. Yan, C. Holland, R. J. Buttery, T. E. Evans, R. A. Moyer, S. Mordijck, R. Nazikian, T. L. Rhodes, O. Schmitz and M. R. Wade, "Increase of turbulence and transport with resonant magnetic perturbations in ELM-suppressed plasmas on DIII-D," Nuclear Fusion 53 113011 (2013)
  13. J. C. Hillesheim, J. C. DeBoo, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, G. Wang, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, Z. Yan, G. M. Staebler, K. H. Burrell, E. J. Doyle, C. Holland, C. C. Petty, S. P. Smith, A. E. White, and L. Zeng, “Experimental characterization of multiscale and multifield turbulence as a critical gradient threshold is surpassed in the DIII-D tokamak,” Physics of Plasmas20, 056115 (2013)
  14. N. T. Howard, A. E. White, M. Greenwald, M. L. Reinke, J. Walk, C. Holland, J. Candy, and T. Görler, “Investigation of the transport shortfall in Alcator C-Mod L-mode Plasmas,” Physics of Plasmas20, 032510 (2013)
  15. J. C. Hillesheim, J. C. DeBoo, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, G. Wang, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, K. H. Burrell,2E. J. Doyle, C. Holland, C. C. Petty, S. P. Smith, A. E. White, and L. Zeng, “Observation of a critical gradient threshold for electron temperature fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak,” Physical Review Letters110 045003 (2013)
  16. S. C. Thakur, M. Xu, P. Manz, N. Fedorczak, C. Holland and G. R. Tynan, “Suppression of drift wave turbulence and zonal flow formation by changing axial conditions in a cylindrical magnetized plasma device,” Physics of Plasmas20 012304 (2013)
  17. M.S. Tillack, A.D. Turnbull, C.E. Kessel, N. Asakura, A.M. Garofalo, C. Holland, F. Koch, Ch. Linsmeier, S. Lisgo, R. Maingi, R. Majeski, J. Menard, F. Najmabadi, R. Nygren, T.D. Rognlien, D.D. Ryutov, R.D. Stambaugh, P.C. Stangeby and D.P. Stotler, “Summary of ARIES Town Meeting: ‘Edge Plasma Physics and Plasma Material Interactions in the Fusion Power Plant Regime,” Nuclear Fusion53 027003 (2012)
  18. D. A. D’Ippolito, D. A. Russell, and J. R. Myra, S. C. Thakur, G. R. Tynan and C. Holland, “Effect of parallel currents on drift-interchange turbulence: comparison of simulation and experiment,” Physics of Plasmas19 102301 (2012)
  19. J. C. DeBoo, C. C. Petty, A. E. White, K. H. Burrell, E. J. Doyle, J. C. Hillesheim, C. Holland, G. R. McKee, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, S. P. Smith, G. Wang, and L. Zeng, “Electron profile stiffness and critical gradient studies,” Physics of Plasmas19 082518 (2012)
  20. P. Manz, G. Xu, B. Wan, H. Q. Wang, H. Guo, I. Cziegler, N. Fedorczak, C. Holland, S. Mueller, S. C. Thakur, M. Xu, K. Miki, P. H. Diamond and G. R. Tynan, “Zonal flow triggers the L-H transition in the EAST tokamak,” Physics of Plasmas19 072311 (2012)
  21. J. C. Hillesheim, C. Holland, L. Schmitz, S. Kubota, T. L. Rhodes, and T. A. Carter, “2D full wave modeling for a synthetic Doppler backscattering diagnostics,” Review of Scientific Instruments83, 10E331 (2012)
  22. M. Xu, G. R. Tynan, P. H. Diamond, P. Manz, C. Holland, N. Fedorczak, S. Chakraborty Thakur, J. H. Yu, K. J. Zhao, J. Q. Dong, J. Cheng, W. Y. Hong, L. W. Yan, Q. W. Yang, X. M. Song, Y. Huang, L. Z. Cai, W. L. Zhong, Z. B. Shi, X. T. Ding, X. R. Duan, Y. Liu, and HL-2A team, “Frequency-Resolved Nonlinear Turbulent Energy Transfer into Zonal Flows in Strongly heated L-Mode Plasmas in the HL-2A Tokamak,” Physical Review Letters108 245001 (2012)
  23. M. W. Shafer, R. J. Fonck, G. R. McKee, C. Holland, A. E. White, and D. J. Schlossberg, “2D properties of core turbulence on DIII-D and comparisons to gyrokinetic simulations,” Physics of Plasmas19 032504 (2012)
  24. L. Schmitz, C. Holland, T.L. Rhodes, G. Wang, L. Zeng, A.E. White, J.C. Hillesheim, W.A. Peebles, S.P. Smith, R. Prater, G.R. McKee, Z. Yan, W.M. Solomon, K.H. Burrell, C.T. Holcomb, E.J. Doyle, J.C. DeBoo, M.E. Austin, J.S. deGrassie and C.C. Petty, “Reduced electron thermal transport in low collisionality H-mode plasmas in DIII-D and the importance of TEM/ETG-scale turbulence,” Nuclear Fusion52 023003 (2012)
  25. R. V. Bravenec, J. Candy, M.Barnes, and C. Holland, “Linear and nonlinear verification of gyrokinetic microstability codes,” Physics of Plasmas18, 122505 (2011)
  26. T.L. Rhodes, C. Holland, S.P. Smith, A.E. White, K.H. Burrell, J. Candy, J.C. DeBoo, E.J. Doyle, J.C. Hillesheim, J.E. Kinsey, G.R. McKee, D. Mikkelsen, W.A. Peebles, C.C. Petty, R. Prater, S. Parker, Y. Chen, L. Schmitz, G.M. Staebler, R.E. Waltz, G. Wang, Z. Yan and L. Zeng, “L-mode validation studies of gyrokinetic turbulence simulations via multiscale and multifield turbulence measurements on the DIII-D tokamak,” Nuclear Fusion51 063022 (2011)
  27. M. Xu, G. R. Tynan, P. H. Diamond, C. Holland, J. H. Yu, and Z. Yan, “Generation of a Sheared Plasma Rotation by Emission, Propagation, and Absorbtion of Drift Wave Packets,” Physical Review Letters107 055003 (2011)
  28. A. E. White, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, C. Holland, G. Wang, L. Schmitz, T. A. Carter, J. C. Hillesheim, E. J. Doyle, L. Zeng, G. R. McKee, G. M. Staebler, R. E. Waltz, J. C. DeBoo, C. C. Petty, and K. H. Burrell, “Measurements of the cross-phase angle between density and electron temperature fluctuations and comparison with gyrokinetic simulations,” Physics of Plasmas17, 056103 (2010)
  29. J. C. DeBoo, C. Holland, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, G. Wang, A. E. White, M. E. Austin, E. J. Doyle, J. Hillesheim, W. A. Peebles, C. C. Petty, Z. Yan, and L. Zeng, “Probing plasma turbulence by modulating the electron temperature gradient,” Physics of Plasmas17, 056105 (2010)
  30. M. Xu, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, Z. Yan, S. H. Muller, and J. H Yu, “Fourier-domain study of drift turbulence drive sheared flow in a laboratory plasma,” Physics of Plasmas17 032311 (2010)
  31. Z. Yan, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, M. Xu, S. H. Müller, and J. H. Yu, “Shear flow and drift wave turbulence dynamics in a cylindrical plasma device,” Physics of Plasmas17, 032302 (2010)
  32. Z. Yan, M. Xu, P. H. Diamond, C. Holland, S. H. Müller, G. R. Tynan, and J. H. Yu, “Intrinsic Rotation from a Residual Stress at the Boundary of a Cylindrial Laboratory Plasma,” Physical Review Letters104, 065002 (2010)
  33. Z. Yan, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, M. Xu, S. H. Muller, and J. H. Yu, “Scaling properties of turbulence driven shear flow,” Physics of Plasmas17, 012302 (2010)
  34. G. R. Tynan, P. H. Diamond, C. Holland, S. H. Muller, M. Xu, Z. Yan, and J. Yu, “Nonlinear dynamics of shear flows and plasma rotation in a simple laboratory plasma,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion51 1240545 (2009)
  35. S. H. Muller, C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, J. H. Yu, and V. Naulin, “Source formulation for electron-impact ionization for fluid plasma simulations,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion51 105014 (2009)
  36. J. Candy, C. Holland, R. E. Waltz, M. R. Fahey, and E. Belli, “Tokamak profile prediction using direct gyrokinetic and neoclassical simulation,” Physics of Plasmas16 060704 (2009)
  37. M. Xu, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, Z. Yan, S. H. Muller, J. H. Yu, “Study of Nonlinear Spectral Energy Transfer in Frequency Domain,” Physics of Plasmas16 042312 (2009)
  38. D. A. Baver, P. W. Terry, and C. Holland, “Basis operator bispectral analysis,” Physics of Plasmas16 032309 (2009)
  39. R. E. Waltz and C. Holland, “Numerical experiments on the drift wave – zonal flow paradigm for nonlinear saturation,” Physics of Plasmas15 122503 (2008)
  40. A. E. White, L. Schmitz, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, T. L. Rhodes, E. J. Doyle, P. A. Gourdain, J. C. Hillesheim, G. Wang, C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, M. E. Austin, G. R. McKee, M. W. Shafer, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, J. C. DeBoo, R. Prater, G. M. Staebler, R. E. Waltz, and M. A. Makowski, “A correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic and the importance of multi-field fluctuation measurements for testing nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 79 103505 (2008)
  41. Z. Yan, J. H. Yu, C. Holland, M. Xu, S. H. Mueller, G. R. Tynan, “Statistical analysis of the turbulent Reynolds stress and its link to the shear flow generation in a cylindrical laboratory plasma device,” Physics of Plasmas15 092309 (2008)
  42. A. E. White, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, C. Holland, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, M. W. Shafer, M. E. Austin, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, J. C. DeBoo, E. J. Doyle, M. A. Makowski, R. Prater, T. L. Rhodes, G. M. Staebler, G. R. Tynan, R. E. Waltz, and G. Wang, “Measurements of core electron temperature and density fluctuations in DIII-D and comparison to nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations,” Physics of Plasmas15 056116 (2008)
  43. A. Fujisawa, T. Ido, A. Shimizu, S. Okamura, K. Matsuoka, H. Iguchi, Y. Hamada, H. Nakano, S. Ohshima, K. Itoh, K. Hoshino, K. Shinohara, Y. Miura, Y. Nagashima, S.-I. Itoh, M. Shats, H. Xia, J. Q. Dong, L. W. Yan, K. J. Zhao, G. D. Conway, U. Stroth, A. V. Melnikov, L. G. Eliseev, S. E. Lysenko, S.V. Perfilov, C. Hidalgo, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, P. H. Diamond, G. R. McKee, R. J. Fonck, D.K. Gupta and P. M. Schoch., “Experimental progress on zonal flow physics in toroidal plasmas,” Nuclear Fusion47 S718 (2007)
  44. J. H. Yu, C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, G. Antar, and Z. Yan, “Examination of the velocity time-delay-estimation technique,” Journal of Nuclear Materials363 728 (2007)
  45. J. Candy R. E. Waltz, M. R. Fahey, and C. Holland, “The effect of ion-scale dynamics on electron-temperature-gradient turbulence,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion49 1209 (2007)
  46. J. Candy R. E. Waltz, M. R. Fahey, and C. Holland, “Plasma microturbulence simulation of instabilities at highly disparate scales,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series78 012008 (2007)
  47. G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, J. H. Yu, A. James, D. Nishijima, M. Shimada, and N. Taheri, “Observation of Turbulent Driven Zonal Flow in a Cylindrical Plasma Device,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion48 S51 (2006)
  48. M. J. Burin, G. R. Tynan, G. Y. Antar, N. A. Crocker, and C. Holland, “On the Transition to Drift-Turbulence in a Magnetized Plasma Column,” Physics of Plasmas12 052320 (2005)
  49. G. R. Tynan, M. J. Burin, C. Holland, G. Antar, N. Crocker, and P. H. Diamond, “Radially sheared azimuthal flows and turbulent transport in a cylindrical plasma,”  Physics of Plasmas11 5195 (2004)
  50. G. R. McKee, R. J. Fonck, D. K. Gupta, D. J. Schlossberg, M. W. Shafer, C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, “Turbulence velocimetry of density fluctuation imaging data,” Review of Scientific Instruments75 3490 (2004)
  51. G. R. Tynan, M. J. Burin, C. Holland, G. Antar, P. H. Diamond, “Radially sheared azimuthal flows and turbulent transport in a cylindrical helicon plasma device,” Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion46 A373 (2004)
  52. E. Kim, P. H. Diamond, M. Malkov, T. S. Hahm, K. Itoh, S.-I. Itoh, S. Champeaux, I. Gruzinov, O. Gurcan, C. Holland, M. N. Rosenbluth, and A. Smolyakov, “Non-perturbative models of intermittency in drift-wave turbulence: towards a probabilistic theory of anomalous transport,” Nuclear Fusion 43 961 (2003)
  53. E. Kim, C. Holland, and P. H. Diamond, “Collisional Damping of Electron Temperature Gradient Mode Driven Zonal Flows,” Physical Review Letters 91 075003 (2003)
  54. R.A. Moyer, G. R. Tynan, C. Holland, M. J. Burin, “Increased nonlinear coupling between turbulence and low-frequency fluctuations at the L-H transition,” Physical Review Letters 87 135001 (2001)
  55. P. H. Diamond, S. Champeaux, M. Malkov, A. Das, I. Gruzinov, M. N. Rosenbluth, C. Holland, and B. Wecht, “Secondary instability in drift wave turbulence as a mechanism for zonal flow and avalanche formation,” Nuclear Fusion 41 1067 (2001)
  56. G. R. Tynan, R. A. Moyer, M. J. Burin, and C. Holland, “On the nonlinear turbulent dynamics of shear-flow decorrelation and zonal flow generation,”  Physics of Plasmas 8 2691 (2001)